Role of Government as a Socializing Agent and the Role of...

Question Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan) maintained that for social control to exist, there must be strong government to ensure moral and social harmony. Niccolo Machiavelli (The Prince) however, contended that social benefits for social stability and security can be achieved in the face of moral corruption. In about 2000 words, write an essay based on research found in the two books above that talks about the role of government as a socializing agent and the role of morality in effective social control. The basis of both Leviathan written by Thomas Hobbes and Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince revolves around the use of Natural Law as well as the methods of governing people vis-à  -vis the writers perspectives on virtues and morality in the†¦show more content†¦The sovereign must be a Leviathan, a biblical reference to a monster, that connotes a huge, powerful authority that is responsible for the matters that are linked to aggression, man at war with another, or anything that pertains to the state. This centralized form of power is what we call the Leviathan state, where the government is above all else, the main authority that decides, use his power and ways to promote peace and attain a common defense for his people. I can understand Hobbess point of view, in terms of the need for a strong government to exist such that control is present to govern the people of the state. The argument of the book is that the sovereign must have great authority, like Leviathan, if peace is to be attained and kept in balance. Hobbes uses two key ideas: the state of nature, and the law of nature. He asks the reader to imagine what life would be like if there were no sovereign, the strong, powerful government, and argues that the sovereign must have enough power to enforce the Law of nature if this unhappy condition, (whereby Man, is by nature creatures who seek and act in the interest of himself, and thus could possibly bring about harm) is to be ended. However he also includes control over ecclesiastical powers, the idea of morality stems in from here. Why is there a need for government to ensure morality and to link it to the affairs of the state, rather a responsibility on the part of theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Youth Gangs3417 Words   |  14 Pagesproblems similar to those of some major American cities. This essay will analyze the youth gang problem in Canada. It will cover topics such as types of youth gangs, the seriousness of the problem, and the cause for the creation of youth gangs from a Social Disorganization theory perspective. It will also examine the effect of the Youth Criminal Justice Act on gang crime. Youth gangs are defined as any group of people who engage in socially disruptive or criminal behaviour, usually within a defined territoryRead MoreEssay on Youth Gangs3468 Words   |  14 Pagesproblems similar to those of some major American cities. This essay will analyze the youth gang problem in Canada. It will cover topics such as types of youth gangs, the seriousness of the problem, and the cause for the creation of youth gangs from a Social Disorganization theory perspective. It will also examine the effect of the Youth Criminal Justice Act on gang crime. Youth gangs are defined as any group of people who engage in socially disruptive or criminal behaviour, usually within a definedRead MoreFilipino Adolescents in Changing Times*10342 Words   |  42 PagesIntroduction Inadequate and inappropriate program strategies have hampered efforts to implement the Cairo Plan of Action in the Philippines. Shifting from the family planning and population control to the reproductive health (RH) and rights framework has not been generally effective and efficient for many reasons. These include a lack of common understanding of the action requirements of the RH framework and an insufficiency of current and relevant data on many aspects of the reproductive healthRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pagesthey exist, are offprint from Beachams Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: Social Concerns, Thematic Overview, Techniques, Literary Precedents, Key Questions, Related Titles, Adaptations, Related Web Sites.  © 1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beachams Guide to Literature for Young Adults: About the Author, Overview, Setting, Literary Qualities, Social Sensitivity, Topics for Discussion, Ideas for Reports and Papers.  ©Read MoreFamous Amos12788 Words   |  52 Pagesweaknesses of the brand along with t he opportunities and threats poses by the external environment. Listed marketing objectives for the first year mainly revolve around building brand awareness, capturing market share, innovation and establishing an effective distribution network. A few targeted segments were identified, which are the affluent group, the working class, children and students. The characteristics of these segments are discussed in the report. A marketing plan of is formulated for FamousRead MoreFraud Triangle15238 Words   |  61 Pagesused drugs. They are also in better psychological health. They enjoy more optimism, self-esteem, self-sufficiency, achievement, motivation, and family harmony than other property offenders. Fraud perpetrators also demonstrate more social conformity, self-control, kindness, and empathy than other property offenders.2 When fraud perpetrators were compared with college students, they differed only slightly. Fraud perpetrators suffer more psychic pain and are more dishonest, more independent, Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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E) It occurs when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the means of achieving desired responses from other parties. Answer: E Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 4) A social definition of marketing says ________. A) effective marketing requires companies to remove intermediaries to achieve a closer connection with direct consumers B) a company should focus exclusively on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution to

Diploma in Business Essay - 1571 Words

Assessment Date/s Time/s The Assessment Task is due on the date specified by your assessor. Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. Submit this document with any required evidence attached. See specifications below for details. Performance objective Demonstrate the skills and knowledge to manage the integration of business ethics in human resources practice. Assessment description Develop a code of conduct and answer a series of questions to demonstrate understanding and ability to apply appropriate standards of behaviour and business ethics. Procedure 1. Develop a code of conduct for JKL Industries (see the case study in Assessment Task 1). JKL has a number of policies and procedures†¦show more content†¦Access and equity (diversity and anti-discrimination) is fundamental to the operations of JKL. It is embedded in policies, practices and forward planning. JKL recognizes the importance of diversity in achieving our vision. JKL recognizes that valuing diversity is pivotal to achieving its vision. At JKL anyone engaged in employment or the provision or receipt of training and/or services has the right to operate in an environment that is free from discrimination on the grounds of: age; breastfeeding; disability; industrial activity; lawful sexual activity; marital status; physical features; political belief or activity; pregnancy; race; religious belief or activity; gender; gender identity and sexual orientation; parental or career status or personal association; sexual/sexist or other forms of harassment. Procedures are in place for handling any grievances including complaints of discrimination, unfair treatment or harassment. Complaints will be taken seriously and every effort will be made to resolve them quickly, impartially, empathically and with appropriate confidentiality. Victimization of complainant/s and witness/es is illegal. Complaints may also be lodged with the Equal Opportunity Commission. Privacy statement JKL takes care to respect your right to privacy and fully complies with our obligations under the Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act 2000. JKL uses any information we collect in accordance with our PrivacyShow MoreRelatedBtec National Diploma in Business Introduction to Marketing Pass One1382 Words   |  6 PagesAn important marketing technique mainly used is branding. Branding is the entire process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumer’s minds, and almost act’s as a business’s ‘identity’ as it creates an image for the business. A brand can be a powerful selling tool and can help achieve marketing objectives such as gaining market leadership and raising customer awareness. 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Duties of Students free essay sample

Graduate School; planning when they intend to submit their thesis, taking due account of the opinion of their supervisors; before submission, clearing any laboratory area in which they have been working, including the safe disposal of surplus chemicals and other trials; maintaining a repository of all primary data concerned with the research programmer, either in notebooks or computer disk or machine print outs, for retention until any publications from the thesis have completed the relevant peer review cycles; writing the thesis is the students own responsibility. Students are expected to have a good command of the English language.Students are strongly advised to show drafts of their thesis to the supervisors so that the appropriate advice and comments may be given well head of the date for formal submission; student representation on the Faculty Graduate Research Committee is important, so you should ensure that you know who your representative is. We will write a custom essay sample on Duties of Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important to keep written records of the work done, progress with related studies and outcomes from supervisory meetings. Together with the written reports to supervisors and, of course, any publications in conferences and journals, these notes are invaluable for the preparation of the transfer report and in writing the final thesis.

SiteGround Review (Aug 2019) - Last 12-Month Performance Stats

The world of website hosting can be a confusing place to navigate. Hosting  companies exist  by the bucketload, and it can be extremely difficult to ascertain which ones are worth your money prior to handing  it over. Today, in this SiteGround review for WordPress, were checking how the companys offering stacks up.Why SiteGround review? Its one of the few companies openly recommended on WordPress.org, and one of the top choices as voted by our users in a recent hosting survey.In this post,  well dissect  SiteGrounds features, support options, performance, and pricing –  enabling you to decide  if its the right WordPress website hosting company for you.Lets get started! SiteGround has a number of WordPress specific features,  including:Simple  WordPress installation: SiteGround lets you install WordPress in a matter of clicks.Free WordPress site transfers: If you have a WordPress.org website hosted elsewhere,  SiteGround facilitates the transfer process.Wor dPress auto-updater: Struggle to keep on top  of updating WordPress? SiteGround takes care of it for you behind the scenes.WordPress SuperCacher: A SiteGround-specific feature that caches your WordPress site on three different levels, resulting in  faster loading times.One-click WordPress staging:  This feature allows  you  to create a staged copy of your website with a single click, enabling you to make edits before moving all new changes to your original (and live) website.Free installation of Git for WordPress: If you enjoy getting your hands dirty with code, SiteGround enables you to  install the  Git for WordPress  tool.Its worth noting that not all features are available to every user – more become available when purchasing SiteGrounds higher-tiered plans.Support optionsWhen vetting a website hosting solution, checking out the available support options is a must. If your website isnt functioning as it should be, youll want help on deck as soon as possibl e  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ no matter what time of the day or night it is.In terms of help and support, SiteGround offers:A 24/7 support system, including live chat, ticketing, and phone support.A detailed and comprehensive  knowledge base.Pre-recorded  webinars to help customers understand the different features  available.Tutorials to help customers use SiteGround more effectively.When working on this SiteGround review for WordPress, we tested out their live chat system for ourselves, and overall found their team very quick to respond, and highly  knowledgeable about their hosting service  and WordPress itself.SiteGrounds live chat service is staffed by  the kind of people  who will fill you with confidence.We posed a number of questions to them, including details on the hosting technology used by SiteGround, and how its WordPress specific features work. The answers we received were prompt and well detailed:This level of support is also confirmed by other users as part of a WordPr ess hosting survey. We also trawled through their webinars, tutorials, and knowledge base – finding them all to be brilliantly insightful.PerformanceWebsite hosting companies typically make use of a number of collaborating technologies to optimize their performance levels, along with various server locations scattered throughout the world. So lets get into the technical part of this SiteGround review for WordPress and check out the  technologies available with their hosting packages:SSD.  Otherwise known as a Solid State Drive, this storage medium is faster than a Hard Disk Drive (HDD). SiteGround offers this hardware on all its servers, to every customer.NGINX. An alternative to the Apache web server, offering potential speed benefits due to a leaner architecture.SuperCacher. A  SiteGround-specific feature, which speeds up WordPress via three different levels of caching.CDN. A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a system of servers that deliver webpages to users based on their geographic locations, increasing website speed. SiteGround uses CloudFlare  as its CDN of choice.HTTP/2. This is  a  major revision of the HTTP network protocol, which further improves website performance.PHP7. This is  the newest version of PHP, with further speed benefits, and can be selected from SiteGrounds control panel if you wish to use  it.Finally, SiteGrounds servers can be found all over the world. To be exact, in London, Amsterdam, Chicago, and Singapore. That being said, the network is not huge, so you can experience lower performance if youre catering to more remote audiences.Server map via https://www.siteground.com/datacentersNow that we have discussed  SiteGrounds performance in theory, its time to put it to the test in practice. In the next part of this SiteGround review for WordPress well be using speed testing tools  Pingdom and Load Impact to judge how well SiteGround stands up.Page speed  tests with PingdomFor this test, we ran our sandbox website through Pingdom three times for each of  three different server locations. After tallying them up, the average times for each server were:Melbourne: 1.563 secondsNew York: 0.645 secondsStockholm: 1.390 secondsGiven how quickly users will abandon a page before it loads, these results look pretty good. Its understandable that the further a server is from a user (as was the case with Melbourne),  the longer the page will load –  but in this instance SiteGround has coped  well.Basic load testing with Load ImpactLoad Impact gauges site speed by simulating around 25  concurrent users hitting the homepage over a five minute period. The results of this test were:Load Generator:  Portland, USTest Server:  Portland, USMinimum Response Time:  0.738 secondsMaximum Response Time:  1.480 secondsThe results from Load Impact back up those from our Pingdom tests. Overall, SiteGround has performed admirably – and regardless of your location, site speed shouldn t be an issue.PricingLike other providers, SiteGround offers several tiered pricing plans:StartUp ($3.95 per month):  As the name suggests, this package is ideal for startups and small businesses who wish to host a single website  with fewer  than 10,000 visitors per month.GrowBig ($5.95 per month): Ideal for larger organizations with multiple websites that may see  up to 25,000 visitors per month.GoGeek ($11.95 per month): SiteGrounds most expensive plan is suited to large companies boasting websites with upwards of  100,000 monthly visits.SiteGrounds cheapest plans more than match their rivals offerings. For example, Bluehosts cheapest managed WordPress hosting plan chimes in at $19.99 per month, while GoDaddys equivalent plan starts from $4-$5 per month.Overall pros and consAfter poring over the various  elements of the companys service in this SiteGround review, lets sum up our findings.ProsExcellent set of WordPress-specific features.The technology used – inc luding  SSDs, CDNs and PHP7 – is  modern and highly reputable.Support options are plentiful, with knowledgeable staff on hand.Page speed was good, and load testing was equally comparable.For a good WordPress hosting solution, the pricing is  competitive.ConsWe found the SiteGround control panel rather  basic looking – a redesign is certainly in order.SiteGround review for WordPress: ConclusionOverall,  SiteGround is a stellar example of a good WordPress hosting solution.It is brimming with WordPress-specific features, helpful support options, and competitive pricing. Its native SuperCaching feature in particular deserves praise,  and coupled with its generally speedy page loading times across the board, it means we recommend SiteGround for those requiring  a solid host that can provide a super fast website.And its not just me talking. Here are some user ratings of SiteGround taken from a recent hosting survey of ours:USER RATINGWILL YOU EXTEND?WORDPRESS- PROFICIENT SUPPORTSiteGround4.6 / 593%4.5 / 5Do you have any prior experiences with SiteGround? Let us know in the comments section below! Perhaps share your own SiteGround review for WordPressFree guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips. * This post contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links and then purchase the product, well receive a small fee. No worries though, youll still pay the standard amount so theres no cost on your part.SiteGround $3.95 9.3 USER RATING 9.7/10 RELIABILITY 9.3/10 PERFORMANCE 8.9/10 ProsWordPress-specific featuresModern tech: SSDs, CDN, PHP7Great customer support ConsControl panel rather basic lookingSlower load speeds in remote locations Go to SiteGround {"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Product","name":"SiteGround","image":"https:\/\/mllj2j8xvfl0.i.optimole.com\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:auto\/https:\/\/s15165.pcdn.co\/wp -content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/SiteGround-logo-150x35.png","description":"The world of website hosting can be a confusing place to navigate. Hosting\u00a0companies exist\u00a0by the bucketload, and it can be extremely difficult to ascertain which ones are worth your money prior to handing\u00a0it over. Today, in this SiteGround review for WordPress, we're checking how the company's offering stacks up. Why SiteGround review? It's one of...","offers":{"@type":"Offer","price":"3.95","priceCurrency":"USD","seller":{"@type":"Person","name":"Tom Ewer"}},"review":{"@type":"Review","reviewRating":{"@type":"Rating","bestRating":"10","worstRating":"0","ratingValue":"9.30"},"name":"SiteGround","reviewBody":"The world of website hosting can be a confusing place to navigate. Hosting\u00a0companies exist\u00a0by the bucketload, and it can be extremely difficult to ascertain which ones are worth your money prior to handing\u00a0it over. Today, in this SiteGround review for WordPress, we're checking how the company's offering stacks up.\r\n\r\nWhy SiteGround review? It's one of the few companies openly recommended on WordPress.org, and one of the top choices as voted by our users in a recent hosting survey.\r\n\r\n\r\nSiteGround review for WordPress specific features\r\nSiteGround has a number of WordPress specific features,\u00a0including:\r\n\r\n \tSimple\u00a0WordPress installation: SiteGround lets you install WordPress in a matter of clicks.\r\n \tFree WordPress site transfers: If you have a WordPress.org website hosted elsewhere,\u00a0SiteGround facilitates the transfer process.\r\n \tWordPress auto-updater: Struggle to keep on top\u00a0of updating WordPress? SiteGround takes care of it for you behind the scenes.\r\n \tWordPress SuperCacher: A SiteGround-specific feature that caches your WordPress site on three different levels, resulting in\u00a0faster loading times.\r\n \tOne-click WordPress staging:\u00a0This feature allows\u00a0you\u00a0to create a staged copy of your website with a single click, enabling you to make edits before moving all new changes to your original (and live) website.\r\n \tFree installation of Git for WordPress: If you enjoy getting your hands dirty with code, SiteGround enables you to\u00a0install the\u00a0Git for WordPress\u00a0tool.\r\n\r\nIt's worth noting that not all features are available to every user \u2013 more become available when purchasing SiteGround's higher-tiered plans.\r\nSupport options\r\nWhen vetting a website hosting solution, checking out the available support options is a must. If your website isn't functioning as it should be, you'll want help on deck as soon as possible\u00a0\u2013 no matter what time of the day or night it is.\r\n\r\nIn terms of help and support, SiteGround offers:\r\n\r\n \tA 24\/7 support system, including live chat, ticketing, and phone support.\r\n \tA detailed and comprehensive\u00a0knowledge base.\r\n \tPre-recorded\u00a0webinars to help customers understand the different fe atures\u00a0available.\r\n \tTutorials to help customers use SiteGround more effectively.\r\n\r\nWhen working on this SiteGround review for WordPress, we tested out their live chat system for ourselves, and overall found their team very quick to respond, and highly\u00a0knowledgeable about their hosting service\u00a0and WordPress itself.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWe posed a number of questions to them, including details on the hosting technology used by SiteGround, and how its WordPress specific features work. The answers we received were prompt and well detailed:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis level of support is also confirmed by other users as part of a WordPress hosting survey. We also trawled through their webinars, tutorials, and knowledge base \u2013 finding them all to be brilliantly insightful.\r\nPerformance\r\nWebsite hosting companies typically make use of a number of collaborating technologies to optimize their performance levels, along with various server locations scattered throughout the world. So let's get into the technical part of this SiteGround review for WordPress and check out the\u00a0technologies available with their hosting packages:\r\n\r\n \tSSD.\u00a0Otherwise known as a 'Solid State Drive', this storage medium is faster than a Hard Disk Drive (HDD). SiteGround offers this hardware on all its servers, to every customer.\r\n \tNGINX. An alternative to the Apache web server, offering potential speed benefits due to a leaner architecture.\r\n \tSuperCacher. A\u00a0SiteGround-specific feature, which speeds up WordPress via three different levels of caching.\r\n \tCDN. A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a system of servers that deliver webpages to users based on their geographic locations, increasing website speed. SiteGround uses CloudFlare\u00a0as its CDN of choice.\r\n \tHTTP\/2. This is\u00a0a\u00a0major revision of the HTTP network protocol, which further improves website performance.\r\n \tPHP7. This is\u00a0the newest version of PHP, with further spe ed benefits, and can be selected from SiteGround's control panel if you wish to use\u00a0it.\r\n\r\nFinally, SiteGround's servers can be found all over the world. To be exact, in London, Amsterdam, Chicago, and Singapore. That being said, the network is not huge, so you can experience lower performance if you're catering to more remote audiences.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nNow that we have discussed\u00a0SiteGround's performance in theory, it's time to put it to the test in practice. In the next part of this SiteGround review for WordPress we'll be using speed testing tools\u00a0Pingdom and Load Impact to judge how well SiteGround stands up.\r\nPage speed\u00a0tests with Pingdom\r\nFor this test, we ran our sandbox website through Pingdom three times for each of\u00a0three different server locations. After tallying them up, the average times for each server were:\r\n\r\n \tMelbourne: 1.563 seconds\r\n \tNew York: 0.645 seconds\r\n \tStockholm: 1.390 seconds\r\n\r\nGiven how quickly users will a bandon a page before it loads, these results look pretty good. It's understandable that the further a server is from a user (as was the case with Melbourne),\u00a0the longer the page will load \u2013\u00a0but in this instance SiteGround has coped\u00a0well.\r\nBasic load testing with Load Impact\r\nLoad Impact gauges site speed by simulating around 25\u00a0concurrent users hitting the homepage over a five minute period. The results of this test were:\r\n\r\n \tLoad Generator:\u00a0Portland, US\r\n \tTest Server:\u00a0Portland, US\r\n \tMinimum Response Time:\u00a00.738 seconds\r\n \tMaximum Response Time:\u00a01.480 seconds\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe results from Load Impact back up those from our Pingdom tests. Overall, SiteGround has performed admirably \u2013 and regardless of your location, site speed shouldn't be an issue.\r\nPricing\r\nLike other providers, SiteGround offers several tiered pricing plans:\r\n\r\n \tStartUp ($3.95 per month):\u00a0As the name suggests, this package is i deal for startups and small businesses who wish to host a single website\u00a0with fewer\u00a0than 10,000 visitors per month.\r\n \tGrowBig ($5.95 per month): Ideal for larger organizations with multiple websites that may see\u00a0up to 25,000 visitors per month.\r\n \tGoGeek ($11.95 per month): SiteGround's most expensive plan is suited to large companies boasting websites with upwards of\u00a0100,000 monthly visits.\r\n\r\nSiteGround's cheapest plans more than match their rival's offerings. For example, Bluehost's cheapest managed WordPress hosting plan chimes in at $19.99 per month, while GoDaddy's equivalent plan starts from $4-$5 per month.\r\nOverall pros and cons\r\nAfter poring over the various\u00a0elements of the company's service in this SiteGround review, let's sum up our findings.\r\nPros\r\n\r\n \tExcellent set of WordPress-specific features.\r\n \tThe technology used \u2013 including\u00a0SSDs, CDNs and PHP7 \u2013 is\u00a0modern and highly reputable.\r\n \tSupport op tions are plentiful, with knowledgeable staff on hand.\r\n \tPage speed was good, and load testing was equally comparable.\r\n \tFor a good WordPress hosting solution, the pricing is\u00a0competitive.\r\n\r\nCons\r\n\r\n \tWe found the SiteGround control panel rather\u00a0basic looking \u2013 a redesign is certainly in order.\r\n\r\nSiteGround review for WordPress: Conclusion\r\nOverall,\u00a0SiteGround is a stellar example of a good WordPress hosting solution.\r\n\r\nIt is brimming with WordPress-specific features, helpful support options, and competitive pricing. Its native SuperCaching feature in particular deserves praise,\u00a0and coupled with its generally speedy page loading times across the board, it means we recommend SiteGround for those requiring\u00a0a solid host that can provide a super fast website.\r\n\r\nAnd it's not just me talking. Here are some user ratings of SiteGround - taken from a recent hosting survey of ours:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDo you have any prior experiences with SiteGround? Let us know in the comments section below! Perhaps share your own SiteGround review for WordPress...\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n* This post contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links and then purchase the product, we'll receive a small fee. No worries though, you'll still pay the standard amount so there's no cost on your part.","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Tom Ewer"},"datePublished":"2016-08-31"},"additionalType":"undefined","alternateName":"undefined","award":"undefined","awards":"undefined","brand":"undefined","category":"undefined","color":"undefined","depth":"undefined","disambiguatingDescription":"undefined","gtin":"undefined","gtin12":"undefined","gtin13":"undefined","gtin14":"undefined","gtin8":"undefined","height":"undefined","identifier":"undefined","logo":"undefined","mainEntityOfPage":"undefined","material":"undefined","model":"undefined","mpn":"undefined","nsn":"undefined","productID":"undefined","productionDate":"und efined","purchaseDate":"undefined","releaseDate":"undefined","sameAs":"undefined","sku":"undefined","slogan":"undefined","url":"undefined","weight":"undefined","width":"undefined"}

Financial Statements and Stakeholders The WritePass Journal

Financial Statements and Stakeholders Introduction Financial Statements and Stakeholders -2014. [Online]. j-sainsbury.co.uk/media/2064053/sainsbury_s_annual_report_and_ accounts_ 13-14.pdf. 2014. [Accessed online on 01/11/2014] Laurent, C.R. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of financial ratio analysis. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting. [Online] Vol 6(3). 2006. p401-413. McLaney, E. J., Â  Atrill. P. (2008). Accounting and finance : an introduction. Fourth edition. Harlow: Pearson. Palepu, K. Healy, P. (2008) Business Analysis and Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Mason:Thomson Learning WM Morrisons Supermarkets plc , 2014. Morrisons Annual Report 13-14 [Online]. http://annualreport.marksandspencer.com/downloads/MS_AR2014_Annual_Report.pdf [Accessed online on 01/11/2014]

Modern Music essays

Modern Music essays Claude Debussy composed his music with an emphasis on sound, sensuous, and sumptuous sound. His music turned away from German-Romanticism and German music with its chromatic harmonies and melodic formulas. Debussy uses color as his basic building block and in doing so has constructed a style of music to represent him and his proud nation of France. This paper is going highlight his extrordinary style of composition and the techniques he used to develop Impressionism. Between 1893 and 1895 Debussy worked on an opera based on Maurice Maeterlincks play Pellas et Mlisande. According to Grayson, this project always encompassed Debussy. The discovery of Pellas in 1893 was indeed a major turning point in Debussys career, and, as his remarks imply, it was the production of this opera in 1902 that brought him international celebrity. From that point on, everybody did indeed know what he had done. Debussy was taking great chances when writing opera, it was a good way to have everyone laugh at you and your work and put you on a shelf like a book you couldnt get through. His music stresses mood and nuances over patterns with pure melodies. It is impressive the way he created time standing still, by creating animated harmonic stasis. Richard Osborne describes Debussys work, Pellas et Mlisande is a drama of the inner, the really real world, a drama of implication, of psychological conflicts too secret to concentrate into the obvious attitudes of life, exhibitory and active... Arkel is old age poignantly particularized. The music by which Debussy gives him grief and wisdom is bowed in its sombre-moving phrases and harmonies, so pathetically in contrast to the golden throated lyricism of Pelleas: the innocent youngness but older in herself than she knows of Melinsande, the simple manliness of Gouland, that unfortunate horseman.1 Debussy b...

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

English - Essay Example The tone and the use of words are not very scholarly. This can be attributed to how the essay is grounded on inference and not on facts. To illustrate, a students adapts a more confident tone if he knows he has studied for a report and is prepared with evidence if indeed a panelist asks questions. On the other hand, a students who is unprepared lacks confidence in what he has to say, and in turn resorts to using colorful and flowery words with the hope that it can influence the panelists to believe in his statements no matter how empty and trivial they are. The 2 students are much like the 2 articles compared side by side. A good article is the former, but this essay proves to be no different from the latter. The essay is built on a frail foundation not strong enough to withstand scrutiny, if analogy should be used. Even the title itself is inappropriate for the content for it talks about the special treatment, perks and privileges accorded to what society labels as â€Å"physically attractive†; it doesn’t talk about the importance, but the implications of being beautiful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As aforementioned, the points emphasized are supported by implausible data. The major assumptions cover a range, from children to the elderly. The essay presents assumptions that children who are considered beautiful are seen as more behaved and it is also assumed that men and women who are physically attractive climb the corporate ladder faster than their counterparts who are not gifted with good looks or admirable physique. Another assumption is that older patients are given more time and attention if they are viewed as possessing good looks. This results take root from the comment of a certain consultant,† Because the doctor feels that beautiful patients are more likely to respond to treatment, he’ll give them more time and

Implementation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implementation - Research Paper Example Poor training will mean that the people who are supposed to be using the system are in the dark in the running of the system. They need to be part of the implementers of the system rather than being mere spectators (Graham, 2009). For Aux Bons Soins to go through in the implementation process of the system, they need to have all the data that need to be captured in the system in place. The data should not have any signs of redundancy. They should be as clean as a possible. There should be modules in place that will be used in the various sectors like the finance module, the human resource and the payroll system. The placing of these systems in place will make integration of the systems to be simple (Graham, 2009). Challenges of implementing ERP There are various challenges that are experienced in implementing an ERP system. This was experienced with the implementation of ERP in Aux Bons Soins. The main causes for the difficulties of the implementation are that of lack of support from the top management. Initially, there was a lack of understanding of the system with the top management. The top management was not supportive of the implementation of the new system. They did not think that the system will solve the problems of the various departments. This therefore affected the way finances were distributed and the way funding was undertaken. Without enough financial resources, a new system will not be implemented well. This was a major issue with the implementation of ERP system in Aux Bons Soins (Graham, 2009). Another source of the difficulty was the lack of cohesion between the various departments in the organization. Since the ERP system will be used to serve various processes in the whole organization, there is a need to have a unified process and one vision of the whole organization. There was a problem with the whole organization as the various departments in the organization had varying views (Young, 2009). This is something that made the implementation process hard. If the system would be implemented in one department or fewer departments, the problem could be avoided and the implementation would be a lot easier. Each department has developed their own objectives. This is making the whole process difficult. This made unifying the whole implementation process a tedious process. ERP systems serve many departments and; this is unlike other systems which are used to manage one process which affects one or two departments (Graham, 2009). Another issue and source of difficulties in the process were the technical compatibility with the other systems which have been running in the organization. It was hard for the technical department to unify the technical modules so that there is one system and the compatibility with the various processes that are found in the different departments. This is one cause of the difficulties which were found in the various departments (Graham, 2009). Key elements which led to success One of the key factors t hat will determine the success of an ERP is the project management. This is the application of the skills and knowledge so that the coordination of the schedules and activity monitoring is achieved. The plan for project management involves the definition of the activities that will be performed, assigning of personnel to those activities, and promoting the acceptability of the process in the system. There is also the very important factor of business process reengineering. This is the

Carnival Corporation Case Study Essay Example for Free

Carnival Corporation Case Study Essay Carnival Corporation as the largest cruise line in the world is being a leader and innovator in the cruise line industry. Many of the onboard activities and services were introduced to strengthen the competencies between competitors. The challenges of the Carnival were being overcome by the management with creative and innovative strategies. As a corporate entity, Carnival did not refuse to withdraw money to settle the ocean pollution charged by public. The expansions of cruise line market via acquisition of a few subsidiaries dominate the cruise line in the world. 1. Strengths (internal factors) First, the largest cruise line in the world, as the leader and innovator in the cruise industry (growth from two converted ocean liners into an organization with multiples cruise lines). Second, the belief of management and Board of Directors that the company will grows better. It motivates the employees to work hard. Third, internal grow in term of vessels that approximately ten vessels are under construction. Fourth, employees loyalty (the longest period employees remain in this organization is around eight years) because Carnival management treating well to their employees in terms of wages). Fifth, creative and innovative corporate officers that is ready to face challenges. Sixth, Carnival has operational experience and economic of scales that causing them to have lowest break even point in the same industry. Weaknesses First, in 1972, the speed of ship was slow. Second, the long-term debt within 1999 and 2001 is increased (the payback of debt may lower the revenue and thus decreasing the dividend payment for shareholders). Third, the expand market (business) of Carnival causing the difficulty in managing the business. Fourth, reducing on net income in 2001 is because of higher costs and expenses. 2. Opportunities (external factors) First, the expansion through acquisition can reduce the competitors in same industry and has the ability to compete with other competitors (lower advertising costs). Second, collaboration with travel agents can promote cruises. Third, the industry is expected to have bright future in passengers, consolidation through mergers, buyout, and smaller cruise operator failure, and the expansion of the industry worldwide. Fourth, expand of target customers from older people to younger people. Fifth, expand of onboard activities (casino, disco, and nightclub). Threats First, terrorist events that were happen in 11 September 2001. Second, negative publicity in 2002 where Carnival subjected by the ocean pollution charges and â€Å"Norwalk-like† virus that affect the cruise industry. Third, the increased of fuel costs and airline costs that affect the industry. Fourth, the failure of Carnival discontinued operations of Fiesta marina Lines that affect the company image. Fifth, Persian Gulf War that was increased competitors in the cruise industry especially in Caribbean area. Sixth, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines had institute a major shipbuilding program that challenges Carnival. The emergence of Walt Disney Company in the cruise market; and the prospect of new ships on the horizon give impact to the â€Å"family† cruise vacation segment. 3. Core competencies Yes, Carnival has core competencies because it is the competency crosses divisional boundaries, Carnival can do exceedingly well, and must continuously reinvest in it: i) Adding diversion onboard – such as disco, nightclubs, casino, and others. Carnival also tries to attract younger cruisers by providing vacation package that included airfare to the port of embarkation and home after the cruise. ii) Product positioning – Carnival believes that cruise market comprised to three segments (contemporary, premium, luxury) with different passenger demographics, characteristics, and growth requirements. iii) Travel agents – collaborate with travel agents to promote cruises. Carnival also training travel agents from nonaffiliated travel firm to sell cruises. 4. Distinctive competencies Yes, Carnival has distinctive competencies because distinctive competency is the superior to those of the competitions and difficult for competitors to compete with Carnival: i) Investment in new ships – Carnival is expanding its internal growth by investing in new ships. The ships under constructions are around 10 vessels. It is difficult for other competitors to invest in these large numbers of ships in same period but Carnival can do. ii) External expansion through acquisitions – Carnival has five subsidiaries that control the major cruise lines in different countries. This causing Carnival becomes as the largest cruise line in the world. 5. What trends are emerging in cruise industry?  i) The adding diversion onboard such as planned activities, disco, nightclubs, casino, and other forms of entertainment activities (different kinds of activities that suitable for different ages of target customers). ii) Moderate priced vacation for younger cruisers that included airfare to the port of embarkation and home after the cruise. iii) All inclusive packages that began with bags were tagged for the ship at the airport, air-conditioned bus, meals, onboard activities, house keeping service, until passengers were transported back to airport. iv) Love story movie such as â€Å"Titanic† and â€Å"Love boat† that promote the romance onboard encouraging couples to join cruise. 6. Marketing strategy i) Price – moderate price (vacation packages) that middle-class clients afford to pay. Prices for different levels of rooms are charged according to the customers needs. ii) Product – vacation package that suitable for the clients aged. Other onboard activities such as casino and disco. The service from picking up the clients at airport to board and dropping clients again at airport. iii) Place – Caribbean ports and other destination such as Walt Disney World, Holland, and Costa, as long as the clients want to go. iv) Promotion – some of the promotions are done by travel agents. The â€Å"Fun Ship† cruise that with designated shipboard party and everyone is welcomed by Carnival is another success promotion. 7. The importance of travel agents The travel agents will help Carnival to promote the cruises as an alternative to Disney or European vacation. For people who never take a cruise in their life, or afraid of taking a flight to the destinations will be attracted. Thus, it shows that the important role of travel agents to Carnival. Besides that, not only attracting clients to take a cruise as the core business, selling cruise is also part of the Carnival business. Thus, Carnival is training travel agents from nonaffiliated travel firms to sell cruise. Because of the attractive benefit in term of money provided by Carnival, in year 2000, Carnival took reservations from about 29000 travel agencies to promote the business. And, it proves that this strategy in promoting cruises either to attract clients boarding the cruise or selling the cruise is succeed. 8. Flight or cruise? We will choose cruise because we have not travel yet to some where by cruise before. i) In our opinion, although the price for a cruise might be higher a bit than to take a flight to Caribbean island that we can afford to pay. By choosing a package for the cruising is worth because there will be variety of services that suitable for us as active younger cruisers rather than just to sit in the flight and we have nothing to do. ii) Even though cruise may take a longer time to reach Caribbean island, the final destination that we will reach is Caribbean island no matter we take a cruise or flight. Thus, we can enjoy the onboard facilities that we have paid for. Disco, nightclubs, gym room, cinema, and casino are the places that we seldom go for but we can enjoy if we take a cruise for this vacation. iii) Cruise is a place that we can relax ourselves since the purpose of travel is to relax our mind. The sea view from a ship can make us happy and reduce our stress. On the other hand, we c an also meet some new friends through this trip. iv) Besides, we can experience some exotic destinations when the cruise will sail in the ports. The cruisers can come down from the vessel and visit some famous spots. Adversely, if we take flight, we can’t visit anywhere except just transit in airport. 9. Evaluation of Carnival’s targeting to specific target market i) Contemporary segment – served by Carnival ships, featured a casual ambiance. ii) Premium segment served by Holland America, for longer market and appealed to more affluent consumers iii) Luxury segment – served by Seabourn and Cunard, catered to experience cruisers. The above are the target market for Carnival. Each segment has different types of costs to be charged to consumers. For the contemporary segment, it is more suitable for family and people who need relaxing during a short period of holidays. The price is cheaper than premium or luxury segment. For the premium segment, it is more suitable for affluent consumers, who need a longer period to relax. It normally targets an older people to board because the facilities in the ship are more suitable for their ages. This segment of cruise will have more cabin or public space per person. In term of price, it is the most expensive and little people can afford to pay. The price for this segment is higher than contemporary segment. Not everyone will prefer this segment of cruise because they need to consider the available time for taking the cruise. The luxury segment targets for extremely rich consumers where they were served as â€Å"king† and â€Å"queen† in the ship. The consumers who taking this segment of cruise can show that they have a higher social status and prestige is the main consider by consumers. 10. Strategic management in Carnival Carnival has a very unique and successful strategic management in cruise industry. During terrorist events in 2001, the world cruise industry was negatively impact by it. However, to overcome this problem, Carnival offered a deep discount to lure back the passengers. In year 2002, Carnival was subjected to the ocean pollution charges. The company was withdrawing $18 million to overcome this issue. This strategy is not only to overcome the issue ethically but also to maintain the company image. Carnival is doing well in pricing strategy where they offer different kinds of packages with moderate price for different kinds of customers. To improve the core competency of the company, Carnival tried to increase the services onboard and adding diversions onboard. Even though other cruise company can imitate this strategy but Carnival is the first to invent the same strategy that succeeds to gain revenue from it. Carnival tried to introduce new strategy to make more convenience to consumers such as the â€Å"all-inclusive package†. The main purpose of this strategy is to maximize the satisfaction of consumers on Carnival services. Finally, to reduce the competition in cruise industry and to compete with other competitors in the same industry, Carnival did acquisition on many cruise lines as subsidiaries. The expansion of Carnival in cruise line market through acquisition can tighten the status of Carnival in cruise industry. 11. The advantage of being a CFC The individuals (foreigners or locals) who held the stocks of Carnival under the CFC status are incorporation exempt shipping operations of United States persons from income tax. Carnival with all of its income (except of United State source of income from transportation, hotel and tour business of Holland America) would be exempt from United State federal income taxes at the corporate level. This exemption not only can increase the revenue of Carnival, it also allows the company to have more funds (liquidation assets) to run more projects or activities for the company. The reason of government to give exemption to Carnival is because to encourage this industry to growth and attract more passengers boarding on ship, especially the ship with casino. It will increase the government sources of money. 12. How to maintain low costs, high level of service? i) Vertical integration or outsourcing – Carnival can try to produce in-house or outsource the products or services in related industries such as shipbuilding, meal preparation industry, and transportation (bus). This is because either vertical integration or outsourcing, which contributes the lowest cost, will be the choice of Carnival to either produce in-house or to outsource the needs. The good relation with suppliers can guarantee the best quality of the products or services. The in-house produce (vertical integration) can guarantee for the high level of products and services quality. ii) Maintain employees – Experienced employees can be the senior for the new comers. They can train and guide the new workers while doing a task rather than the company to send them for training course. Thus, maintaining experienced employees can save the labor cost and maintain the service quality to passengers. iii) Maintain crui se standard (such as sanitary standard) by periodically checking to avoid break down during cruising and it may need higher cost to repair and bring inconvenience to passengers. Conclusion The success of Carnival is depends on the innovative Board of Directors and management. The growth of cruise market becomes more significant because of the low fares high quality of service. Carnival is dominating the cruise line market but they still do investment in improving the services so that to avoid the core competencies become the weaknesses of the company. Even though the net profit of year 2001 is decreased but it did not mean that they have weak internal control. External factors such as increased in fuel cost also are considered the factor in the declining profit. Finally, Carnival has the potential to grow in cruise line market because they already gained the experience in cruise line and they have strong financial to support many cruise activities.

new zealand politics 1984-1993 Essay example -- essays research papers

On July 6 1984, the fourth Labour government were elected into parliament after defeating the National party in a snap election. 1984 can be regarded as a major turning point in New Zealand political history in the sense that significant political changes affected the whole of the New Zealand society, economy and political structure. New Zealand government’s experimented with radical Neoliberal policy programmes to achieve economic and social progress during this period. The essay shall discuss the central features of the process of policy change over the period of 1984 to 1993 in New Zealand. These reforms were among the most sweeping in scope and scale within any industrialised democracy. There are a significant number of historical and institutional similarities between Australia and New Zealand which make them a fertile ground for comparative analysis. This essay shall compare industrial relations reform in Australia and New Zealand during the 1980s and 1990s, integrating both institutionalist and interest-based approaches. Within comparative politics there are two main approaches to the impact of economic change on national policy patterns. The first, new institutionalism has been very influential in comparative industrial relations. The second, which focuses on the role of interests, has also been significant in New Zealand and Australian politics. The concept of institutionalism is central to the analysis of the reform episode that took place in New Zealand. Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction (North,1990:3). Zucker defines Institutionalism as a fundamentally cognitive process (1983:25). In comparison, Immergut argues that the theoretical core of the new institutionalism is the view that there is a tendency for certain arrangements in social life to persist over institutions and for these institutional arrangements to affect not just strategic actions but also the preference formation of social actors (1998:7). Immergut stresses the fundamentals of the concept of institutionalism can be problematic as there are many conflicting definitions and analysis. â€Å"Since the common research interest is in the black box between potential political demands and ultimate outcomes, it does not make sense to predefine the contents of this box. A standard definit... ...liams Books. Kasper, W. (1996) ‘Free to Work: The Liberalisation of New Zealand's Labour Market,’ Policy Monograph 32, Centre for Independent Studies, Sydney. Maloney, T. (1997). Benefit Reform and Labour Market Behaviour in New Zealand.’ Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University: Wellington. McClure, M. (1998). ‘The Reluctant State: 1984-1998’ in ‘A Civilised Community: A History of Social Security in New Zealand 1898-1998’. Auckland University Press: Auckland. North, D. (1990) ‘Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance.’ New York: Cambridge University Press. Rankin, S., St John, S. (1998). ‘Quantifying the Welfare Mess’ (Policy Discussion Paper 22) Department of Economics: University of Auckland. Schwartz, H. (2000). ‘Internationalization and Two Liberal Welfare States Australia and New Zealnd’ in Scharpf, Fritz & Schmidt, Vivien, (eds). ‘Welfare and Work in the Open Economy’ (vol 2), Oxford University Press: New York. Shipley, J. (1991). ‘Welfare That Works,’ Minister of Social Welfare, Wellington Zucker, L. (1983) ‘Organizations as Institutions’, in Bacharach, S (ed). ‘Research in the Sociology of Organizations,’ Greenwich: JAI Press.

Education in the Philippines Essay

During the period of colonization by the United States, Education in the Philippines changed radically, modeled on the system of Education in the United States of the time. After theSecond World War, changes in the US system were no longer automatically reflected in the Philippines, which has since moved in various directions of its own. Filipino children may enter public school at about age four, starting from Nursery up to Kindergarten. At about seven years of age, children enter elementary school (6 to 7 years). This may be followed by secondary school (4 years). Students may then sit for College Entrance Examinations (CEE), after which they may enter tertiary institutions (3 to 5 years). Other types of schools do exist, such as Private schools, Preparatory schools, International schools, Laboratory High Schools and Science High Schools. Several ethnic groups, includingChinese, British, Americans, and Japanese operate their own schools. Elementary schooling is compulsory, but 24% of Filipinos of the relevant age group do not attend, usually due to absence of any school in their area, education being offered in foreign languages only, or financial distress. In July 2009 DepEd acted to overcome the foreign language problem by ordering all elementary schools to move towards mother-tongue based learning initially. The order allows two alternative three-year bridging plans. Depending on the bridging plan adopted, the Filipino and English languages are to be phased in as the language of instruction for other subjects beginning in the third and fourth grades Secondary schooling is of four years duration only. Although secondary schooling is compulsory, some Philippine news media have reported that since the 2000s, many Filipino students who began studying at private high schools, are forced to transfer to public high schools because of increasing cost of living and private school fees and financial distress. Many public elementary/high schools in the country are already overcrowded. The school year in the Philippines starts in June of one year and ends in March of the next, with a two-month summer break for April and May, one week of semestral break (the last week of October), and a week or two of Christmas break. History and development Earlier times Further information: Ancient Philippine scripts In pre-Spanish times, education was informal unstructured in some areas. Children were provided more vocational training and less academics (3 Rs) by their parents and in the houses of tribal tutors. When the Spanish arrived in Manila, though, they were surprised to find a population with a literacy rate using a system of writing known as baybayin which was higher than the literacy rate of Madrid. Spanish period Main article: Philippines education during Spanish rule Under the Spanish, education indigenous population was initially left to religious orders, with primary education being overseen by parish friars who generally tolerated the teaching of only religious topics. The friars, recognizing the value of a literate indigenous population, built printing presses to product material in Bambayin. The friars, generally poorly educated themselves, were especially hostile to local population, termed indios learning to speak and read Spanish, which would have made available access to the same body of knowledge the friars had. Secular education was completely neglected; with only one public primary school operating in Manila as late as 1830. A 1714 royal decree creating secular universities was never implemented. A 1702 decree creating seminaries for natives was implemented only in 1772. Access to education by the Filipinos was later liberalized through the enactment of the Educational Decree of 1863 which provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government; and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits. Primary instruction was secularized and free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. In 1866, the total population of the Philippines was only 4,411,261. The total public schools was 841 for boys and 833 for girls and the total number of children attending these schools was 135,098 for boys and 95,260 for girls. In 1892, the number of schools had increased to 2,137, 1,087 of which were for boys and 1,050 for girls. By 1898, enrollment in schools at all levels exceeded 200,000 students. First Republic. The defeat of Spain by American forces paved the way for Aguinaldo’s Republic under a Revolutionary Government. The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed for the time being but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior. The Burgos Institute in Malolos, the Military Academy of Malolos, and the Literary University of the Philippines were established. A system of free and compulsory elementary education was established by the Malolos Constitution. American period Main article: Philippines education during American rule. Further information: Thomasites An adequate secularized and free public school system was established during the first decade of American rule upon the recommendation of the Schurman Commission. Free primary instruction that trained the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by the Taft Commission per instructions of President William McKinley. Chaplains and non-commissioned officers were assigned to teach using English as the medium of instruction. A highly centralized public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission by virtue of Act No. 74. The implementation of this Act created a heavy shortage of teachers so the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines more than 1,000 teachers from the United States called the Thomasites between 1901 to 1902. These teachers were scattered throughout the islands to establish barangay schools. [7]The same law established the Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal University) to train Filipino teachers for the public schools. The high school system supported by provincial governments, special educational institutions, school of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes were established in 1902 by the Philippine Commission. In 1908, the Philippine Legislature approved Act No. 1870 which created theUniversity of the Philippines. The Reorganization Act of 1916 provided the Filipinization of all department secretaries except the Secretary of Public Instruction. Two decades later, enrollment in elementary schools was about 1 million from a total of 150,000 students in 1901. [7] After World War II In 1947, by virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the Department of Instruction was changed to â€Å"Department of Education. † During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools. Marcos era In 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture by Proclamation 1081. Following a referendum of all barangays in the Philippines from 10–15 January 1973, on 17 January 1973 President Marcos ratified the 1973 Constitution by Proclamation 1102. The 1973 Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of education in the Philippines, to: ? foster love of country; ?teach the duties of citizenship; and ?develop moral character, self discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency. On 24 September 1972, by PD No 1, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports was decentralized with decision-making shared among thirteen regional offices. In 1978, by PD No 1397, the Department of Education and Culture became the Ministry of Education and Culture. The Education Act of 1982 provided for an integrated system of education covering both formal and nonformal education at all levels. Section 29 of the Act sought to upgrade education institutions’ standards to achieve quality education, through voluntary accreditation for schools, colleges, and universities. Sections 16 & 17 upgraded the obligations and qualifications required for teachers and administrators. Section 41 provided for government financial assistance to private schools. The Act also created the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. Fifth Republic On 2 February 1987, a new Constitution for the Philippines was ratified. Section 3, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution contains the ten fundamental aims of education in the Philippines. In 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 117, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, became the Department of Education, Culture and Sports . The structure of DECS as embodied in EO No. 117 remained practically unchanged until 1994. On 26 May 1988 Congress enacted Republic Act 6655, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which manndated free public secondary education commencing in the school year 1988-1989. On 26 May 1988 Congress enacted RA 6655 which made free public secondary education to become a reality. On 3 February 1992, Congress enacted Republic Act 7323, which provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during summer or Christmas vacation with a salary not lower than the minimum wage. 60% of the wage is to be paid by the employer and 40% by the government. On 3 February 1992, Congress enacted RA 7323 which provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during summer or Christmas vacation with a salary not lower than the minimum wage. 60% of the wage is to be paid by the employer and 40% by the government. The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) report of 1991 recommended the division of DECS into three parts. On 18 May 1994, Congress passed Republic Act 7722, the Higher Education Act of 1994, creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which assumed the functions of the Bureau of Higher Education, and supervises tertiary degree programs. On 25 August 1994, Congress passed Republic Act 7796, the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, creating the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education plus the National Manpower and Youth Council, and supervises non-degree technical-vocational programs. [17] DECS retained responsibility for all elementary and secondary education. This threefold division became known as the trifocal system of education in the Philippines. The trifocal education system of the Philippines. In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was passed transforming the name of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools). RA 9155 provides the overall framework for (i) school head empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles and (ii) school-based management within the context of transparency and local accountability. The goal of basic education is to provide the school age population and young adults with skills, knowledge, and values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens. [8] In January 2009, DepEd signed a memorandum of agreement with the United States Agency for International Development to seal $86 million assistance to Philippine education, particularly the access to quality education in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and the Western and Central Mindanao regions.

Child Care Introduction to Children

Unit 1; E1 Statutory; sectors that are fully funded but it depends on the boroughs. One example is school nurseries. In this setting professionals aim to make life in the setting feel like a family atmosphere for children to feel comfortable. Professionals also help children to develop with carefully chosen activities to do with the 6 learning areas, these are; language and literacy, creative development, physical development, personal social and emotional development, knowledge and understanding of the world and mathematical development.They aim to help children develop at their pace and doesn’t rush anything because they know every child is individual in their own way. The nurseries also help children feel safe and secure in the environment and give them a healthy balanced lifestyle such has healthy meals, 5 a day and run around out the garden areas. The private sector; is full costing to parents, they have to pay the cost for their children, it isn’t paid for them. O ne example of this is preschools.The care they offer is just that little bit more then statutory this is because the sector makes the children feel like the school is also their home and that the professionals are family. Professionals in the sector will constantly observe the children for safety. Education in this sector is organised daily, this includes creative learning, letter and number work, singing and story time to boost confidence and their understanding. Education is also provided in a way of treating the child as an individual to show they develop at their own speed.This sector will also treat special needs children equal and show no discrimination. Voluntary; a small grant is donated for them to start up there business one example is child lines and mother and toddler groups. Voluntary provides help, support, and education to children. On nspcc. org. uk is say this is doing by; 1) ‘Focusing on areas which will make the biggest difference 2) Prioritise the children at risk 3) Learn what works the best for them 4) Create leverage for change’. When the sector finds new ways to help children they will test it out to see ow it goes and if it works then they will carry on with the new idea. They educate the children by the things they say and do to them to forget about certain things in their life and to develop them to move on and stay strong. E2 Statutory sector supports children and their families by doing things that will help their children to develop and grow, they fit around parents timetables and help them to go about their daily life knowing there child is in good monitored care. The statutory sector protects children and gives their families a sense of relief.It also helps parents with educating the child in their background and helps them understand more of the culture, also helps the families get good education for their child with the cost being mostly funded for them so it’s free. The private sector supports families and their children by giving them a safe secure place and making the child feel at home. It helps families go about their schedules and have a feel of relief that their child is going to be happy where they are, it supports them in a way of helping a child become better at their strengths, and it includes everything important in the Childs life.Voluntary work supports children in helping them overcome serious happenings in their life, and to become aware of people who have experienced similar going on and to help them have a better life in the future, and gives them closure. It supports the parents by being free of cost. E3 Childrens Act 2004; The act was around in 1989 but after a lot of going on it was updated to Children’s act 2004, it planned to improve how social services worked and how people would treat the children in their care.To help the children they plan to bring multiple agencies together to protect innocent children and stop the abuse that maybe going on. The 1989 act was poor, it made it easier for abusers to get away with what they did or gets a low sentence, this is because agencies didn’t come together and share information. The children get better response for what has happened and their needs are more focused on, the court decides what is best for the child to make them safer as it is one of their rights. The act allows children and their families to come together a lot more in making them a lot afer then what they would have felt before. On surrey. gov. uk website it says ‘The Act aims to improve effective local working to safeguard and promote children’s wellbeing’. The act has a lot of intention in making a Childs well-being noticed and important and aim to do the following; * Keep the child healthy * Keeping the child safe * Help the child have fun and enjoy life more and achieve things they thought they couldn’t. The children act 1989 was poor; the new act 2004 was promoted in ways such as teaming a lot more agencies together to work on keeping a child safe and having rights to what they deserve.The act shows people that children have rights to an education, healthy lifestyle and to be a child and enjoy their life without any threat. Education Act 2002; This act came around in 2002, on the europarchive. org website it say that ‘It is a substantial and important piece of legislation intended to raise standards, promote innovation in schools and reform education law’. This would help children get a better and healthier education through their life and make their lifestyle normal and challenging to become what they are willing to become.The act helps children to qualify for a greater and more flexibility in certain areas of the national curriculum. This helps children become involved with other people because it joins schools together as a team to work together on the well-being of the children. Human Rights Act 1998; This act came around in 1998 and aimed to help children have major rights in their life to give their lifestyle normality and a lot more easy going when it comes to the way families are. The rights support children in a way of safety and a healthy life some examples of human rights that are important to a child’s life are; 1. reedom from torture and degrading treatment 2. the right to respect for private and family life 3. the right not to be discriminated against in respect of these rights and freedoms 4. the right to an education If any of this rights are breached you have the right to an effective solution in law even if the breach was done by a police officer you still have the right to go to law. E4 Every child Matters; This provides every child no matter their background or circumstances the support they will need.Every child needs to be healthy which includes growing and their development as well as their emotional and physical well being, the environment needs to be a safe place for them to be able to develop, ano ther principle is for the children to enjoy and achieve through their learning and be able to achieve economic well-being through their life. These are crucial to be in your placement for the children to develop as the first 3 years are critical. This will help children’s life become healthy and have normality to. Welfare of children is paramount (children act 1989); A child’s welfare is paramount.The idea is that when decisions are made the needs and interests of the children must come first this means they need to be recognized as an individual. This will shape children in becoming aware of routines and the way their daily life will carry on. The court determines what will be best for the child’s upbringing and decides this by these points legislation. gov. uk it states ‘the ascertainable wishes and feelings of the child concerned (considered in the light of his age and understanding). Cache Statement of values; The values in this are ways of putting the child first.To do this you will never use physical punishment towards a child, respect the parent or those in a parenting role, respect the staff in the child care industry and those involved, respect values and spiritual beliefs of the child and their family, honour the confidentiality of the child and their family. If these are not respected and done right then these could be life threatening to a child and those involved with the child. This will shape children in building their respect by showing you’re respecting others they will copy. E5The importance of valuing and respecting children will show them that you as a member of staff or a practitioner will not judge them or label them for who they are or how they look and do certain things. It will help them understand that everyone is individual and different but that doesn’t mean to treat them any different. If you show the children respect it shows a sense of care for them and will boost their confidence. Respect ing and valuing will help the child understand more on what they are doing and will help them in life, to support this on community. rg it states ‘creating environments  that foster creativity, innovation, discovery, inquiry,  questioning and problem solving. This is how settings help children increase and how it shows we respect what they need to learn and discover. it will show they are just as important as anyone else in the establishment which will make them not as shy. Their self esteem will rise if you talk to them like an adult and say more positive things, also saying their name correctly and praising them on the good shows that you value them as an individual and that learning their name also will show their important to.C The practitioner should listen to a child views and their opinions because it will help them with their confidence on showing that they can have a conversation about anything and show they have a voice to. If their confidence rises then they wil l communicate better with others and make new friends and be able to talk about their daily life routine a lot more and be able to say if something is wrong and if they need help. Listening to a child shows their important just like everyone else and that you value them as a person.A more confident child will tend to work harder in what they do to achieve and develop a lot more as well. The more a child is listened to the more open minded they will become and more outspoken. This will make it easier for them to become understood and will allow practitioners to identify their wants and needs. It’s a way of involving a child in decision making and showing them there are not really any wrong answer and they can learn from their mistakes.Also to show you have time to try and understand what they are saying, to support what I have said Tassoni et al (2007 page 13) ‘a child might need you to listen carefully so that you can understand what he or she is trying to say’. Also from listening to children a practitioner will gain their respect for you . A A child centred approach means to identify a child’s abilities and weakness’s and work around that with activities that they could handle, it also means to make the environment to the standard of their needs and to cater what they may need. Everything is based around the child.On growingplaces. org. uk they state ‘It allows freedom for children to think, experience, explore, question and search for answers’. Tassoni et al (2007 page 234) says ‘You will need to ensure that children’s interests are always reflected in what they do’ this is a way of ensuring the child is interested in learning and activities. The advantages of a child centred approach are that the children all gain something important to do with their life it helps families and practitioners notice their strengths and weaknesses as an individual so it is easier to help them focus on certain things.Another advantage is their needs are always catered for. They have a home like atmosphere in the environment for example toilet and sinks to keep their hygiene up also there are potties and nappies, changing rooms for those children who will need them. Their dietary is focused on and professionals will work around it. Another way of making a child centred approach is for early year practitioners to communicate this will help an individual child extend their knowledge or thinking, model ideas, prompt questions, nurture development, support the acquisition on specific skills.The disadvantages of a child centred approach is that it could make it hard for a child to go into something different like a primary school as they have not been prepared for that big leap in their life, it also makes it hard to slightly explain to a child that they can’t do something they ask as in past experience the child has always got what they have needed due to the child centred approach. I b elieve that the child centred approach is a good thing because it helps a child have a healthy lifestyle and helps them notice what they are going to gain and their strengths in the environment.Also that it helps them live their life as a child before rushing into something strange, the routine of their life is kept the same in some places as it is at home. E6 Confidentiality; This is an important skill because it shows that you are keeping private information about a child or a child’s household inside the nursery and not outside. This is an important skill to need in the work place with children because children will say a lot and if they say something about what may of happened to them for example abuse then it is the rules of being in a childcare establishment that you tell nobody if you on’t keep it confidential and it may not be true you could hurt someone and lose your right to work in that place. This will help support your work with children because it shows y ou are a trustworthy person and that you have knowledge of the rules and regulations of the workplace. It will make professionals trust you. To support what I have said in Tassoni 2007 page 11 it states ‘some of this information will be confidential information and must not be shared’.Communication; This is an important skill because you need to be confident enough to be able to talk to parents and other staff members about the children and things that will be needed to do around the work area. This will help support you working with children because you need to be able to communicate properly with the children because you will need to talk to them at different levels and know how to talk to children from babies to 11 year olds, also the be able to communicate with the other staff members to discuss planning activities or if the child is hurt you will need to communicate with the staff member and communicate in a team.Observation skills; This is important because youâ⠂¬â„¢ll need it to observe activities that are going on and the way children are behaving if it is appropriate or not. This will help your support with working with children because it shows that you know how to do things when working in that establishment for the future, it will help you set up activities or learn a child’s need. It shows that you can see children as an individual and that’s what you will need to do. Having this will also show that you are good at learning new things by observing how other staff members do things. E7Time management; This would be important to support your training because being able to show up on time for a placement and to take in coursework that’s due in shows you’re determined to do well and give a good impression. Being able to keep on time also shows that you’re well organized when it comes to deadlines or dates you need to be in and that you’re taking things seriously. Managing time is not a tricky th ing to do and being able to be on time for everything shows dedication. If you’re on time or early for placements it could lead to a permanent offer or a good review of your time there.The children are less developed in time management then you and will take what you do in to mind on time-management-success. com it states ‘Punctuality is a big issue in terms of time management for kids who have a less developed sense of time’. Giving Presentations; This helps support your training because it helps you take away what you’ve learnt and seen and put it up for everyone else to see your understanding. Being able to give a presentation also shows confidence and your understanding of the subject as well.It makes things easier for tutors to see how much you have developed and if you do need any help at all or if there are any errors. Note Taking; This helps support your training because it helps you go over anything you may not understand, note taking shows that y ou’re serious about learning things about what to do and what not to do in a placement. Also it helps you do units and give you ideas on what to write. Note taking in a placement will help you understand the difference in other childcare areas and it may lead to questions that you would like to ask to improve your knowledge. BConfidentiality; It is important to understand this boundary because working in a nursery or day-care centred even a primary school you will hear stories from the children or over here parents and staff talking about private things. The information you may hear is private and you must understand you cannot talk to anyone outside of the placement as someone who knows that family could over hear and this would affect them. A good test to know if a piece of information is confidential is to think about whether it’s common knowledge or if you only know it because of the position of you are in inside the nursery (Tassoni et al 2007).Understanding this will stop you hurting others or gossiping about other people behind their back. Health and safety; This is important to understand as a boundary also because you will need to know the child’s health issues if there are any or whether the child is safe where they are in the environment. You will need to understand what you should do if you see a gate or door open, this could be an easy way for unwanted visitors in the environment. On the premises you should as a member of staff what to do if a fire alarm goes off so you know what to do with the children when something like that does happen.If you don’t understand your limits when it comes to healthy and safety with children then you could be making a lot of mistakes and this could upset a lot of people. Also understand the limits of what a practitioner can do such as changing nappies and taking children to the toilet you may not be able to do this yet as you’re a learner. Managing A child behaviour; Practitioners may come across children with anger problems or any other behaviour problems which could be medical or non medical. When dealing with this you need to know what your limit is on how to handle them.You will need to go to a member of staff or manager and ask questions on what to do if a child has got a behaviour problem and what your limits are in dealing with this. You will also need to learn your boundaries because you could over excite a child and distract them when they must be focusing on an activity. Understanding your limit and boundaries is important on the well-being of the child. D1 There are three main types of people you as a practitioner should maintain a relationship with are; 1) Parents ) Professionals The Parents; The reason it is important to have an appropriate relationship with a parent is because you will need to talk to the parent about how their child is developing, what they have ate. What they have been doing throughout the day and if there have been any probl ems. You will see and need to speak to the parent occasionally on behalf of the child. The parent will need to trust you with their child and feel comfortable so they can get on with their life knowing their child is in safe hands.Other Professionals; It is important to maintain an appropriate relationship with other professionals as you will be working alongside them for a long time. You will be working as a team and you will need to have a relationship to feel comfortable in putting your views across and asking question on if you’re confused or not. If the relationship between you and the other professional is complicated then the children (who are your main priorities) will pick up on this atmosphere and feel wary and upset.If the child senses a positive feeling between a practitioner and professional then they will feel a sense of safety and calmness and comfort to know that nothing is going to happen and everyone will be fine. D2 Multi-agency team functions by bringing t ogether practitioners from different sectors and professions. On cwdcouncil. org. uk they quote ‘within the workforce they provide integrated support to children and their  families, for example a ‘team around the child' (TAC)’. The multi agency also has several professionals coming together as a team.Many benefits are in this type of agency such as support and advice on parents that need it. It helps families with young children by placing them in a onsite nursery until there finished with classes such as parenting. Multi agency is an effective way to support the children that have extra needs and help with improvement on their development. The way they make sure they meet the child and families needs is by communicating well with each other and by understanding their roles and responsibilities within the agency.As a practitioner you will need to learn what other professionals are involved in your setting and how this might affect your work. Some of the charact eristics of a multi agency are cooperation/collaboration, knowledge, common goals and effective communication. This will all help you when working in a multi agency because it will help you with what you need to find out and understand more on what the parent or child will need when in an environment such as help on certain subjects, dietary and religion.It helps other professionals in an environment also to share knowledge of a family together so professionals do not ask the family the same questions over; they are well organized and serious about their roles on making life easier for families and children. E8 Bibliography Community childcare growing places – what is meant by child centred approach [online] http://www. growingplaces. org. uk/reggio. htm (13/10/2011) Children Act 1989- Welfare of the children http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1989/41/section/1 (15/12/2011) Children Services Community Management. We Value Children. ttp://www. cscommunity. org. au/index. p hp? id=45 (15/12/2011) Cruelty to children must stop. FULL STOP. Our approach to what we do http://www. nspcc. org. uk/what-we-do/about-the-nspcc/our-approach/our-approach_ wda72244. html (12/10/2011) Multi-agency working An effective way of supporting children and families with additional needs http://www. cwdcouncil. org. uk/multiagencyworking (14/10/2011) Tassoni P, Beth, K. Bulman, K & Eldridge, H. (2007) CACHE Level 3 Child Care And Education 4th Edition Heinemann: England. THE CHILDREN ACT 2004 – OVERVIEW – Background [online] ttp://www. surreycc. gov. uk/sccwebsite/sccwspublications. nsf/f2d920e015d1183d80256c670041a50b/5e17effdd34f9726802572f30055617d/$FILE/CYPP%20Childrens%20Act%20Briefing%20v2. pdf accessed (11/10/2011) The National Archives-Main provisions of the Education Act 2002 [online] http://collections. europarchive. org/tna/20091115062646/teachernet. gov. uk/educationoverview/educationact/summary/ (13/10/2011) Time Management Success. Why is time man agement important. http://www. time-management-success. com/why-is-time-management-important. html (15/12/2011) Child Care Introduction to Children Unit 1; E1 Statutory; sectors that are fully funded but it depends on the boroughs. One example is school nurseries. In this setting professionals aim to make life in the setting feel like a family atmosphere for children to feel comfortable. Professionals also help children to develop with carefully chosen activities to do with the 6 learning areas, these are; language and literacy, creative development, physical development, personal social and emotional development, knowledge and understanding of the world and mathematical development.They aim to help children develop at their pace and doesn’t rush anything because they know every child is individual in their own way. The nurseries also help children feel safe and secure in the environment and give them a healthy balanced lifestyle such has healthy meals, 5 a day and run around out the garden areas. The private sector; is full costing to parents, they have to pay the cost for their children, it isn’t paid for them. O ne example of this is preschools.The care they offer is just that little bit more then statutory this is because the sector makes the children feel like the school is also their home and that the professionals are family. Professionals in the sector will constantly observe the children for safety. Education in this sector is organised daily, this includes creative learning, letter and number work, singing and story time to boost confidence and their understanding. Education is also provided in a way of treating the child as an individual to show they develop at their own speed.This sector will also treat special needs children equal and show no discrimination. Voluntary; a small grant is donated for them to start up there business one example is child lines and mother and toddler groups. Voluntary provides help, support, and education to children. On nspcc. org. uk is say this is doing by; 1) ‘Focusing on areas which will make the biggest difference 2) Prioritise the children at risk 3) Learn what works the best for them 4) Create leverage for change’. When the sector finds new ways to help children they will test it out to see ow it goes and if it works then they will carry on with the new idea. They educate the children by the things they say and do to them to forget about certain things in their life and to develop them to move on and stay strong. E2 Statutory sector supports children and their families by doing things that will help their children to develop and grow, they fit around parents timetables and help them to go about their daily life knowing there child is in good monitored care. The statutory sector protects children and gives their families a sense of relief.It also helps parents with educating the child in their background and helps them understand more of the culture, also helps the families get good education for their child with the cost being mostly funded for them so it’s free. The private sector supports families and their children by giving them a safe secure place and making the child feel at home. It helps families go about their schedules and have a feel of relief that their child is going to be happy where they are, it supports them in a way of helping a child become better at their strengths, and it includes everything important in the Childs life.Voluntary work supports children in helping them overcome serious happenings in their life, and to become aware of people who have experienced similar going on and to help them have a better life in the future, and gives them closure. It supports the parents by being free of cost. E3 Childrens Act 2004; The act was around in 1989 but after a lot of going on it was updated to Children’s act 2004, it planned to improve how social services worked and how people would treat the children in their care.To help the children they plan to bring multiple agencies together to protect innocent children and stop the abuse that maybe going on. The 1989 act was poor, it made it easier for abusers to get away with what they did or gets a low sentence, this is because agencies didn’t come together and share information. The children get better response for what has happened and their needs are more focused on, the court decides what is best for the child to make them safer as it is one of their rights. The act allows children and their families to come together a lot more in making them a lot afer then what they would have felt before. On surrey. gov. uk website it says ‘The Act aims to improve effective local working to safeguard and promote children’s wellbeing’. The act has a lot of intention in making a Childs well-being noticed and important and aim to do the following; * Keep the child healthy * Keeping the child safe * Help the child have fun and enjoy life more and achieve things they thought they couldn’t. The children act 1989 was poor; the new act 2004 was promoted in ways such as teaming a lot more agencies together to work on keeping a child safe and having rights to what they deserve.The act shows people that children have rights to an education, healthy lifestyle and to be a child and enjoy their life without any threat. Education Act 2002; This act came around in 2002, on the europarchive. org website it say that ‘It is a substantial and important piece of legislation intended to raise standards, promote innovation in schools and reform education law’. This would help children get a better and healthier education through their life and make their lifestyle normal and challenging to become what they are willing to become.The act helps children to qualify for a greater and more flexibility in certain areas of the national curriculum. This helps children become involved with other people because it joins schools together as a team to work together on the well-being of the children. Human Rights Act 1998; This act came around in 1998 and aimed to help children have major rights in their life to give their lifestyle normality and a lot more easy going when it comes to the way families are. The rights support children in a way of safety and a healthy life some examples of human rights that are important to a child’s life are; 1. reedom from torture and degrading treatment 2. the right to respect for private and family life 3. the right not to be discriminated against in respect of these rights and freedoms 4. the right to an education If any of this rights are breached you have the right to an effective solution in law even if the breach was done by a police officer you still have the right to go to law. E4 Every child Matters; This provides every child no matter their background or circumstances the support they will need.Every child needs to be healthy which includes growing and their development as well as their emotional and physical well being, the environment needs to be a safe place for them to be able to develop, ano ther principle is for the children to enjoy and achieve through their learning and be able to achieve economic well-being through their life. These are crucial to be in your placement for the children to develop as the first 3 years are critical. This will help children’s life become healthy and have normality to. Welfare of children is paramount (children act 1989); A child’s welfare is paramount.The idea is that when decisions are made the needs and interests of the children must come first this means they need to be recognized as an individual. This will shape children in becoming aware of routines and the way their daily life will carry on. The court determines what will be best for the child’s upbringing and decides this by these points legislation. gov. uk it states ‘the ascertainable wishes and feelings of the child concerned (considered in the light of his age and understanding). Cache Statement of values; The values in this are ways of putting the child first.To do this you will never use physical punishment towards a child, respect the parent or those in a parenting role, respect the staff in the child care industry and those involved, respect values and spiritual beliefs of the child and their family, honour the confidentiality of the child and their family. If these are not respected and done right then these could be life threatening to a child and those involved with the child. This will shape children in building their respect by showing you’re respecting others they will copy. E5The importance of valuing and respecting children will show them that you as a member of staff or a practitioner will not judge them or label them for who they are or how they look and do certain things. It will help them understand that everyone is individual and different but that doesn’t mean to treat them any different. If you show the children respect it shows a sense of care for them and will boost their confidence. Respect ing and valuing will help the child understand more on what they are doing and will help them in life, to support this on community. rg it states ‘creating environments  that foster creativity, innovation, discovery, inquiry,  questioning and problem solving. This is how settings help children increase and how it shows we respect what they need to learn and discover. it will show they are just as important as anyone else in the establishment which will make them not as shy. Their self esteem will rise if you talk to them like an adult and say more positive things, also saying their name correctly and praising them on the good shows that you value them as an individual and that learning their name also will show their important to.C The practitioner should listen to a child views and their opinions because it will help them with their confidence on showing that they can have a conversation about anything and show they have a voice to. If their confidence rises then they wil l communicate better with others and make new friends and be able to talk about their daily life routine a lot more and be able to say if something is wrong and if they need help. Listening to a child shows their important just like everyone else and that you value them as a person.A more confident child will tend to work harder in what they do to achieve and develop a lot more as well. The more a child is listened to the more open minded they will become and more outspoken. This will make it easier for them to become understood and will allow practitioners to identify their wants and needs. It’s a way of involving a child in decision making and showing them there are not really any wrong answer and they can learn from their mistakes.Also to show you have time to try and understand what they are saying, to support what I have said Tassoni et al (2007 page 13) ‘a child might need you to listen carefully so that you can understand what he or she is trying to say’. Also from listening to children a practitioner will gain their respect for you . A A child centred approach means to identify a child’s abilities and weakness’s and work around that with activities that they could handle, it also means to make the environment to the standard of their needs and to cater what they may need. Everything is based around the child.On growingplaces. org. uk they state ‘It allows freedom for children to think, experience, explore, question and search for answers’. Tassoni et al (2007 page 234) says ‘You will need to ensure that children’s interests are always reflected in what they do’ this is a way of ensuring the child is interested in learning and activities. The advantages of a child centred approach are that the children all gain something important to do with their life it helps families and practitioners notice their strengths and weaknesses as an individual so it is easier to help them focus on certain things.Another advantage is their needs are always catered for. They have a home like atmosphere in the environment for example toilet and sinks to keep their hygiene up also there are potties and nappies, changing rooms for those children who will need them. Their dietary is focused on and professionals will work around it. Another way of making a child centred approach is for early year practitioners to communicate this will help an individual child extend their knowledge or thinking, model ideas, prompt questions, nurture development, support the acquisition on specific skills.The disadvantages of a child centred approach is that it could make it hard for a child to go into something different like a primary school as they have not been prepared for that big leap in their life, it also makes it hard to slightly explain to a child that they can’t do something they ask as in past experience the child has always got what they have needed due to the child centred approach. I b elieve that the child centred approach is a good thing because it helps a child have a healthy lifestyle and helps them notice what they are going to gain and their strengths in the environment.Also that it helps them live their life as a child before rushing into something strange, the routine of their life is kept the same in some places as it is at home. E6 Confidentiality; This is an important skill because it shows that you are keeping private information about a child or a child’s household inside the nursery and not outside. This is an important skill to need in the work place with children because children will say a lot and if they say something about what may of happened to them for example abuse then it is the rules of being in a childcare establishment that you tell nobody if you on’t keep it confidential and it may not be true you could hurt someone and lose your right to work in that place. This will help support your work with children because it shows y ou are a trustworthy person and that you have knowledge of the rules and regulations of the workplace. It will make professionals trust you. To support what I have said in Tassoni 2007 page 11 it states ‘some of this information will be confidential information and must not be shared’.Communication; This is an important skill because you need to be confident enough to be able to talk to parents and other staff members about the children and things that will be needed to do around the work area. This will help support you working with children because you need to be able to communicate properly with the children because you will need to talk to them at different levels and know how to talk to children from babies to 11 year olds, also the be able to communicate with the other staff members to discuss planning activities or if the child is hurt you will need to communicate with the staff member and communicate in a team.Observation skills; This is important because youâ⠂¬â„¢ll need it to observe activities that are going on and the way children are behaving if it is appropriate or not. This will help your support with working with children because it shows that you know how to do things when working in that establishment for the future, it will help you set up activities or learn a child’s need. It shows that you can see children as an individual and that’s what you will need to do. Having this will also show that you are good at learning new things by observing how other staff members do things. E7Time management; This would be important to support your training because being able to show up on time for a placement and to take in coursework that’s due in shows you’re determined to do well and give a good impression. Being able to keep on time also shows that you’re well organized when it comes to deadlines or dates you need to be in and that you’re taking things seriously. Managing time is not a tricky th ing to do and being able to be on time for everything shows dedication. If you’re on time or early for placements it could lead to a permanent offer or a good review of your time there.The children are less developed in time management then you and will take what you do in to mind on time-management-success. com it states ‘Punctuality is a big issue in terms of time management for kids who have a less developed sense of time’. Giving Presentations; This helps support your training because it helps you take away what you’ve learnt and seen and put it up for everyone else to see your understanding. Being able to give a presentation also shows confidence and your understanding of the subject as well.It makes things easier for tutors to see how much you have developed and if you do need any help at all or if there are any errors. Note Taking; This helps support your training because it helps you go over anything you may not understand, note taking shows that y ou’re serious about learning things about what to do and what not to do in a placement. Also it helps you do units and give you ideas on what to write. Note taking in a placement will help you understand the difference in other childcare areas and it may lead to questions that you would like to ask to improve your knowledge. BConfidentiality; It is important to understand this boundary because working in a nursery or day-care centred even a primary school you will hear stories from the children or over here parents and staff talking about private things. The information you may hear is private and you must understand you cannot talk to anyone outside of the placement as someone who knows that family could over hear and this would affect them. A good test to know if a piece of information is confidential is to think about whether it’s common knowledge or if you only know it because of the position of you are in inside the nursery (Tassoni et al 2007).Understanding this will stop you hurting others or gossiping about other people behind their back. Health and safety; This is important to understand as a boundary also because you will need to know the child’s health issues if there are any or whether the child is safe where they are in the environment. You will need to understand what you should do if you see a gate or door open, this could be an easy way for unwanted visitors in the environment. On the premises you should as a member of staff what to do if a fire alarm goes off so you know what to do with the children when something like that does happen.If you don’t understand your limits when it comes to healthy and safety with children then you could be making a lot of mistakes and this could upset a lot of people. Also understand the limits of what a practitioner can do such as changing nappies and taking children to the toilet you may not be able to do this yet as you’re a learner. Managing A child behaviour; Practitioners may come across children with anger problems or any other behaviour problems which could be medical or non medical. When dealing with this you need to know what your limit is on how to handle them.You will need to go to a member of staff or manager and ask questions on what to do if a child has got a behaviour problem and what your limits are in dealing with this. You will also need to learn your boundaries because you could over excite a child and distract them when they must be focusing on an activity. Understanding your limit and boundaries is important on the well-being of the child. D1 There are three main types of people you as a practitioner should maintain a relationship with are; 1) Parents ) Professionals The Parents; The reason it is important to have an appropriate relationship with a parent is because you will need to talk to the parent about how their child is developing, what they have ate. What they have been doing throughout the day and if there have been any probl ems. You will see and need to speak to the parent occasionally on behalf of the child. The parent will need to trust you with their child and feel comfortable so they can get on with their life knowing their child is in safe hands.Other Professionals; It is important to maintain an appropriate relationship with other professionals as you will be working alongside them for a long time. You will be working as a team and you will need to have a relationship to feel comfortable in putting your views across and asking question on if you’re confused or not. If the relationship between you and the other professional is complicated then the children (who are your main priorities) will pick up on this atmosphere and feel wary and upset.If the child senses a positive feeling between a practitioner and professional then they will feel a sense of safety and calmness and comfort to know that nothing is going to happen and everyone will be fine. D2 Multi-agency team functions by bringing t ogether practitioners from different sectors and professions. On cwdcouncil. org. uk they quote ‘within the workforce they provide integrated support to children and their  families, for example a ‘team around the child' (TAC)’. The multi agency also has several professionals coming together as a team.Many benefits are in this type of agency such as support and advice on parents that need it. It helps families with young children by placing them in a onsite nursery until there finished with classes such as parenting. Multi agency is an effective way to support the children that have extra needs and help with improvement on their development. The way they make sure they meet the child and families needs is by communicating well with each other and by understanding their roles and responsibilities within the agency.As a practitioner you will need to learn what other professionals are involved in your setting and how this might affect your work. Some of the charact eristics of a multi agency are cooperation/collaboration, knowledge, common goals and effective communication. This will all help you when working in a multi agency because it will help you with what you need to find out and understand more on what the parent or child will need when in an environment such as help on certain subjects, dietary and religion.It helps other professionals in an environment also to share knowledge of a family together so professionals do not ask the family the same questions over; they are well organized and serious about their roles on making life easier for families and children. E8 Bibliography Community childcare growing places – what is meant by child centred approach [online] http://www. growingplaces. org. uk/reggio. htm (13/10/2011) Children Act 1989- Welfare of the children http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1989/41/section/1 (15/12/2011) Children Services Community Management. We Value Children. ttp://www. cscommunity. org. au/index. p hp? id=45 (15/12/2011) Cruelty to children must stop. FULL STOP. Our approach to what we do http://www. nspcc. org. uk/what-we-do/about-the-nspcc/our-approach/our-approach_ wda72244. html (12/10/2011) Multi-agency working An effective way of supporting children and families with additional needs http://www. cwdcouncil. org. uk/multiagencyworking (14/10/2011) Tassoni P, Beth, K. Bulman, K & Eldridge, H. (2007) CACHE Level 3 Child Care And Education 4th Edition Heinemann: England. THE CHILDREN ACT 2004 – OVERVIEW – Background [online] ttp://www. surreycc. gov. uk/sccwebsite/sccwspublications. nsf/f2d920e015d1183d80256c670041a50b/5e17effdd34f9726802572f30055617d/$FILE/CYPP%20Childrens%20Act%20Briefing%20v2. pdf accessed (11/10/2011) The National Archives-Main provisions of the Education Act 2002 [online] http://collections. europarchive. org/tna/20091115062646/teachernet. gov. uk/educationoverview/educationact/summary/ (13/10/2011) Time Management Success. Why is time man agement important. http://www. time-management-success. com/why-is-time-management-important. html (15/12/2011)